Irritable Bowl Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by interference with the normal functions of the large intestine (the colon). The colon is a five-foot long muscular tube connecting the small intestine to the rectum. It’s normal functions include; regular motility of it’s contents, regulation of fluids passing into and out of the colon and regulation of nutrient absorption as needed into the body.

Symptoms

Symptoms of IBS include:

  • Crampy abdominal pain (spasms of the colon)
  • Bloating (gas build-up in the intestines)
  • Constipation (hard, difficult to pass or infrequent bowel movements)
  • Diarrhea (frequent loose stools, often with an urgent need to move the bowels).

Symptoms persist for at least a total of 90 days over the course of one
year.

Normally NOT seen in IBS which may warrant concern are symptoms of bleeding, fever, weight loss or persistent severe pain.

Causes & known associations

There is not one specific trigger for IBS. Rather, people who suffer with IBS seem to show exaggerated responses to multiple & varying stimuli like particular foods and stresses.

  • Stress and emotions: colon function is directly affected by cognition via an intricate network of nerves connected to the brain.
  • Foods such as: wheat, barley, rye, oats, chocolate, dairy products, alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
  • Certain medications
  • Large meals

Consequences of having IBS

IBS generally does not result in permanent damage to the colon or cause intestinal bleeding. For some people, however, it can be disabling in preventing them from working, attending social events and making travel difficult.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis by your physician is based on a complete medical history, description of symptoms and physical examination. There is not a test for IBS, though stool or blood tests, x-rays or endoscopy may be recommended to rule out other possible diseases first. For example, it is important to distinguish IBS from a possible underlying food allergy to gluten (known as “Celiac Disease”) which can cause similar symptoms. A blood test can determine if Celiac Disease is present.

Treatments

Most people are able to successfully manage symptoms through:

  • Dietary changes
    • sensitivity testing specific to each patient
    • drinking at least 6-8 glasses of water per day
    • eating slowly, chewing food well
    • smaller meals
  • Stress management
    • relaxation techniques such as meditation
    • counseling & support
    • exercise regularly such as walking or yoga
    • adequate sleep

Medications prescribed may include: fiber, laxatives, tranquilizers, anti-depressants, Lotronex® or  Zelnorm®.